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. 2007 Dec 13;17(3):445–450. doi: 10.1007/s00586-007-0559-8

Table 4.

Symptoms and signs leading to diagnosis of infection/removal of implants

Back pain 16
Open wound 12
Sinus 6
Metal ware protruding through skin 3
Prominent metal ware 3
Abscess 2
Fluctuant wound 1
Revision scoliosis correction 1
Unclear from notes 30