Figure 5. Nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1 is induced by oxidative stress and the subsequent activation of the JNK pathway.

Oxidative stress and the subsequent activation of the JNK pathway induce the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of PDX-1, which leads to reduction of its DNA binding activity and suppression of insulin biosynthesis. It is likely that oxidative stress and the JNK pathway are involved in the β-cell dysfunction found in type 2 diabetes.