TABLE 1.
Parent-Reported Characteristics
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Female gender | 88 (78.6) |
| Maternal age during first child birth 318 y | 27 (24.1) |
| Martial status | |
| Single, never married | 56 (50) |
| Married | 37 (33) |
| Ethnicity/race | |
| White | 39 (34.8) |
| Black | 50 (44.6) |
| Other | 23 (20.5) |
| Socioeconomic | |
| Highest education level completed | |
| Less than high school | 17 (15.4) |
| High school/GED | 37 (33.7) |
| Technical/vocational school | 18 (16.3) |
| College | 38 (34.5) |
| Reported yearly income less than $31 000 | 63 (56.3) |
| Participated in AFDC/TANF/food stamps | 31 (31.6) |
| Female child | 59 (52.7) |
| Violence and substance abuse | |
| History of exposure to family violence in childhood | 22 (20) |
| Problem drinkera | 66 (58.9) |
| Overall drug use | 33 (29.5) |
| Any IPV | 53 (50.5) |
AFDC indicates Aid to Families With Dependent Children; TANF, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families.
a
Problem drinker is defined as positive report of binge drinking at either of the 2 measured time points or drinking >4 glasses per day for men or 2 glasses per day for women in an average week.