End-point Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test titers to air-dried P. yoelii sporozoites, Experiment 1. Filled circles represent mice protected, and open circles represent those not protected on challenge. As a group, D-V had significantly higher titers than other groups (Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.0008). D = 1012/TPA-PyCSP, V = NYVAC(K1L)-PyCSP, and P = PyCSP [MAP4(280–99)p2p30].