Table 2.

Cyclosporin A inhibits Agrobacterium- meditated transformation

Concentration of CsA	Arabidopsis, no. of GUS-positive spots	Tobacco BY-2, % transformation
0 μM CsA, no bacteria	0	0
0 μM CsA	18.3  ±  0.6	20  ±  3.1
1 μM CsA	10.0  ±  1.9	ND
5 μM CsA	4.0  ±  0.8	ND
10 μM CsA	3.3  ±  0.2	2.9  ±  1.1
10 μM CsA*	4.3  ±  0.2	ND

Transformation of Arabidopsis and tobacco BY-2 suspension cultures is described in Materials and Methods. For Arabidopsis, both precultivation and cocultivation were performed in the presence of listed CsA concentrations unless otherwise noted. The number of GUS staining spots is the average of three experiments, followed by standard error. For tobacco, percent transformation shown is the mean of six repetitions per treatment followed by the standard error for a single representative experiment. ND, not determined. 

*CsA was present only during cocultivation.