FIGURE 9.
Transepithelial migration is inhibited by blocking mAbs against the T cell integrins α4 and LFA-1, and to the epithelial ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. A, Transepithelial migration is inhibited by blocking mAbs against the T cell integrins α4 and LFA-1, and to the epithelial ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Transepithelial migration assay after 90 min in response to 400 ng/ml CXCL11. T cells were preincubated with Abs to α4 and/or LFA-1, bronchial epithelial monolayers were preincubated with Abs against ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicates, and one representative experiment of three is shown. The p values were calculated using a Student's t test. *, p = 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. B–D, Following T cell adhesion, LFA-1 is required for T cell migration across the epithelium. B–D, Laser scanning confocal microscopy of the basal surface of the epithelium after I hour of transepithelial migration showing migrating T cells (labeled with anti-LFA-1), and epithelium (labeled with anti-ZO-1; orange overlay). Scale bar, 15 μm (B). No CXCL11 (C and D) CXCL11 gradient; leading edge (*) and a trailing uropod (arrows) shown for eight cells. D, T cells preincubated with an LFA-1 integrin blocking mAb.