Table 3.
Socioeconomic gradients in health-risk behaviour of males
| Smoking | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | p | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | p | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | p | |
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 3.0 | 23.8 | 0.000 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Specialised | 18.3 | 36.4 | 0.000 | 7.32 | (2.16–24.7) | 1.85 | (1.04–3.20) | 1.27 | (0.69–2.31) | ||||
| Apprentice | 40.6 | 50.0 | 0.064 | 22.30 | (6.63–74.9) | 3.21 | (1.77–5.82) | 1.34 | (0.68–2.66) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 13.7 | 31.1 | 0.000 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Employed | 31.3 | 59.4 | 0.004 | 2.87 | (1.26–6.55) | 3.23 | (1.53–6.88) | 2.65 | (1.15–6.13) | ||||
| Unemployed | 43.8 | 50.0 | 0.481 | 4.90 | (2.66–8.99) | 2.21 | (1.27–3.87) | 1.11 | (0.56–2.18) | ||||
| Parents' highest education level | High | 12.7 | 28.9 | 0.001 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 21.2 | 39.0 | 0.000 | 1.84 | (0.93–3.64) | 1.78 | (1.04–2.98) | 1.57 | (0.87–2.82) | ||||
| Low | 28.8 | 41.2 | 0.064 | 2.77 | (1.28–5.98) | 1.84 | (0.96–3.49) | 1.30 | (0.63–2.71) | ||||
| Parents' highest occupational level | High | 12.4 | 27.5 | 0.000 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Medium | 23.0 | 40.0 | 0.000 | 2.11 | (1.07–4.13) | 1.59 | (0.93–2.65) | 1.27 | (0.71–2.29) | ||||
| Low | 24.7 | 41.1 | 0.003 | 2.32 | (1.14–4.73) | 1.72 | (0.98–3.03) | 1.34 | (0.71–2.54) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 11.9 | 26.7 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Specialised | 14.3 | 33.8 | 0.000 | 1.24 | (0.58–2.63) | 1.40 | (0.80–2.43) | 1.37 | (0.78–2.41) | ||||
| Apprentice | 12.3 | 37.7 | 0.000 | 1.04 | (0.44–2.39) | 1.66 | (0.92–3.00) | 1.68 | (0.51–5.58) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 12.9 | 29.9 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Employed | 6.3 | 46.9 | 0.000 | 0.45 | (0.10–1.97) | 2.07 | (0.98–4.34) | 2.25 | (0.99–4.77) | ||||
| Unemployed | 17.2 | 39.1 | 0.000 | 1.40 | (0.67–2.95) | 1.50 | (0.85–2.65) | 1.45 | (0.82–2.58) | ||||
| Parents highest education level | High | 8.8 | 32.2 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 14.6 | 31.6 | 0.000 | 1.77 | (0.80–3.92) | 1.00 | (0.60–1.68) | 0.94 | (0.56–1.59) | ||||
| Low | 15.1 | 34.0 | 0.004 | 1.83 | (0.72–4.68) | 1.09 | (0.58–2.06) | 1.02 | (0.53–1.95) | ||||
| Parents highest occupational level | High | 9.9 | 32.4 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 16.2 | 32.4 | 0.002 | 1.75 | (0.82–3.71) | 0.97 | (0.58–1.64) | 0.90 | (0.53–1.54) | ||||
| Low | 9.3 | 34.2 | 0.000 | 0.93 | (0.37–2.31) | 1.08 | (0.62–1.91) | 1.09 | (0.62–1.94) | ||||
| Marijuana use | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 1.0 | 25.7 | 0.009 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Specialised | 2.6 | 39.6 | 0.000 | 2.67 | (0.29–24.2) | 1.89 | (1.09–3.28) | 1.84 | (1.05–3.22) | ||||
| Apprentice | 9.4 | 42.9 | 0.000 | 10.42 | (1.31–82.9) | 2.16 | (1.20–3.90) | 1.79 | (0.97–3.29) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 3.8 | 33.0 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Employed | 3.1 | 43.8 | 0.000 | 0.82 | (0.99–4.77) | 1.58 | (0.75–3.33) | 1.65 | (0.77–3.52) | ||||
| Unemployed | 6.3 | 49.2 | 0.000 | 1.69 | (0.51–5.58) | 1.97 | (1.13–3.44) | 1.93 | (1.00–3.43) | ||||
| Parents highest education level | High | 2.0 | 30.6 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 5.4 | 41.2 | 0.000 | 2.86 | (0.61–13.3) | 1.53 | (0.91–2.55) | 1.42 | (0.84–2.41) | ||||
| Low | 2.7 | 35.4 | 0.000 | 1.41 | (0.19–10.2) | 1.30 | (0.68–2.45) | 1.28 | (0.66–2.45) | ||||
| Parents highest occupational level | High | 2.5 | 30.4 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 5.1 | 40.0 | 0.000 | 2.13 | (0.54–8.44) | 1.59 | (0.95–2.66) | 1.52 | (0.89–2.58) | ||||
| Low | 3.1 | 36.1 | 0.000 | 1.26 | (0.25–6.36) | 1.25 | (0.70–2.20) | 1.24 | (0.69–2.21) | ||||
| Insufficient physical activity | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 5.0 | 21.8 | 0.001 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Specialised | 15.6 | 31.2 | 0.000 | 3.55 | (1.31–9.63) | 1.63 | (0.91–2.91) | 1.39 | (0.76–2.53) | ||||
| Apprentice | 14.2 | 29.5 | 0.006 | 3.17 | (1.11–9.06) | 1.50 | (0.80–2.83) | 1.31 | (0.68–2.50) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 11.4 | 27.0 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Employed | 15.6 | 34.4 | 0.046 | 1.44 | (0.52–4.03) | 1.42 | (0.65–3.09) | 1.35 | (0.60–3.02) | ||||
| Unemployed | 14.1 | 29.7 | 0.031 | 1.28 | (0.57–2.84) | 1.14 | (0.63–2.08) | 1.10 | (0.59–2.05) | ||||
| Parents' highest education level | High | 10.8 | 27.3 | 0.002 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 11.4 | 30.9 | 0.000 | 1.06 | (0.49–2.30) | 1.18 | (0.69–2.04) | 1.18 | (0.68–2.06) | ||||
| Low | 15.1 | 22.9 | 0.006 | 1.47 | (0.60–3.60) | 0.91 | (0.46–1.81) | 0.84 | (0.41–1.71) | ||||
| Parents' highest occupational level | High | 9.9 | 26.5 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 14.0 | 29.9 | 0.000 | 1.48 | (0.68–3.18) | 1.19 | (0.69–2.05) | 1.13 | (0.65–1.96) | ||||
| Low | 11.3 | 24.7 | 0.021 | 1.16 | (0.49–2.76) | 0.79 | (0.43–1.47) | 0.76 | (0.40–1.45) | ||||
1) McNemar test
2) text in bold indicate that overall a variable contributes to the logistic model at p < 0.05
Model 1 effect of SEP on HRB at T1; Model 2 effect of SEP on HRB at T2; Model 3 effect of SEP on HRB at T2 controlled for HRB at T1
OR – odds ratio