Table 4.
Socioeconomic gradients in health-risk behaviour of females
| Smoking | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | p | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | p | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | p | |
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 14.4 | 38.4 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Specialised | 17.5 | 40.5 | 0.000 | 1.27 | (0.71–2.25) | 1.10 | (0.71–1.68) | 1.04 | (0.66–1.63) | ||||
| Apprentice | 22.9 | 45.9 | 0.000 | 1.77 | (0.93–3.37) | 1.36 | (0.82–2.25) | 1.19 | (0.70–2.03) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 14.3 | 35.4 | 0.000 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Employed | 18.9 | 50.7 | 0.000 | 1.40 | (0.72–2.73) | 1.88 | (1.19–3.15) | 1.84 | (1.06–3.17) | ||||
| Unemployed | 26.3 | 50.0 | 0.000 | 2.14 | (1.26–3.64) | 1.83 | (1.18–2.83) | 1.55 | (0.97–2.48) | ||||
| Parents' highest education level | High | 18.3 | 48.1 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Medium | 18.7 | 38.8 | 0.000 | 1.03 | (0.58–1.80) | 0.65 | (0.42–1.01) | 0.61 | (0.38–0.98) | ||||
| Low | 14.8 | 37.0 | 0.000 | 0.77 | (0.39–1.54) | 0.59 | (0.34–0.99) | 0.59 | (0.34–1.03) | ||||
| Parents' highest occupational level | High | 20.1 | 49.6 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium | 17.4 | 39.0 | 0.000 | 0.84 | (0.47–1.48) | 0.68 | (0.43–1.08) | 0.69 | (0.42–1.12) | ||||
| Low | 16.7 | 36.5 | 0.000 | 0.79 | (0.44–1.43) | 0.63 | (0.40–1.01) | 0.64 | (0.39–1.06) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 9.6 | 24.7 | 0.001 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Specialised | 9.2 | 18.9 | 0.002 | 0.96 | (0.47–1.95) | 0.71 | (0.43–1.17) | 0.72 | (0.43–1.19) | ||||
| Apprentice | 6.4 | 11.0 | 0.332 | 0.65 | (0.25–1.66) | 0.38 | (0.19–0.77) | 0.39 | (0.19–0.78) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 10.2 | 19.1 | 0.002 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Employed | 2.7 | 21.6 | 0.001 | 0.24 | (0.06–1.05) | 1.17 | (0.63–2.18) | 1.24 | (0.66–2.32) | ||||
| Unemployed | 8.8 | 16.7 | 0.078 | 0.85 | (0.40–1.79) | 0.85 | (0.48–1.50) | 0.85 | (0.48–1.52) | ||||
| Parents highest education level | High | 14.2 | 25.4 | 0.021 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Medium | 7.3 | 19.2 | 0.001 | 0.48 | (0.23–0.97) | 0.59 | (0.35–0.99) | 0.61 | (0.36–1.03) | ||||
| Low | 6.1 | 13.6 | 0.096 | 0.39 | (0.16–1.01) | 0.41 | (0.21–0.81) | 0.43 | (0.22–0.85) | ||||
| Parents highest occupational level | High | 14.9 | 26.7 | 0.040 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 5.6 | 17.6 | 0.000 | 0.34 | (0.15–0.75) | 0.70 | (0.41–1.20) | 0.74 | (0.43–1.28) | ||||
| Low | 7.4 | 13.0 | 0.089 | 0.46 | (0.21–0.97) | 0.46 | (0.25–0.84) | 0.48 | (0.27–0.88) | ||||
| Marijuana use | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 4.8 | 32.2 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Specialised | 4.8 | 28.2 | 0.000 | 1.01 | (0.38–2.66) | 0.83 | (0.53–1.30) | 0.82 | (0.51–1.30) | ||||
| Apprentice | 6.5 | 22.0 | 0.000 | 1.38 | (0.47–4.04) | 0.60 | (0.34–1.05) | 0.55 | (0.30–1.04) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 5.1 | 29.3 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Employed | 1.4 | 27.4 | 0.000 | 0.26 | (0.33–1.96) | 0.91 | (0.52–1.62) | 1.00 | (0.56–1.79) | ||||
| Unemployed | 8.0 | 25.4 | 0.000 | 1.61 | (0.68–3.79) | 0.84 | (0.51–1.35) | 0.76 | (0.45–1.27) | ||||
| Parents highest education level | High | 5.8 | 38.1 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Medium | 4.5 | 24.2 | 0.000 | 0.76 | (0.29–2.00) | 0.51 | (0.32–0.81) | 0.50 | (0.31–0.81) | ||||
| Low | 6.1 | 23.6 | 0.000 | 1.06 | (0.36–3.11) | 0.42 | (0.24–0.74) | 0.39 | (0.21–0.71) | ||||
| Parents highest occupational level | High | 6.7 | 40.0 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Medium | 5.1 | 25.3 | 0.000 | 0.74 | (0.29–1.92) | 0.52 | (0.32–0.85) | 0.52 | (0.31–0.86) | ||||
| Low | 4.3 | 21.7 | 0.000 | 0.63 | (0.23–1.73) | 0.50 | (0.30–0.83) | 0.51 | (0.30–0.86) | ||||
| Insufficient physical activity | T1% | T2% | Sig.1 | model 1 OR | 95 % CI | model 2 OR | 95 % CI | model 3 OR | 95 % CI | ||||
| Respondents' education level | Grammar | 25.3 | 36.3 | 0.038 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Specialised | 23.7 | 42.1 | 0.000 | 0.91 | (0.57–1.48) | 1.28 | (0.83–1.96) | 1.32 | (0.85–2.05) | ||||
| Apprentice | 33.9 | 56.0 | 0.001 | 1.51 | (0.88–2.61) | 2.23 | (1.34–3.70) | 2.13 | (1.26–3.58) | ||||
| Current employment status | Student | 23.8 | 38.8 | 0.000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Employed | 28.4 | 50.0 | 0.006 | 1.27 | (0.72–2.25) | 1.58 | (0.95–2.64) | 2 | 1.54 | (0.91–2.61) | |||
| Unemployed | 31.6 | 51.8 | 0.001 | 1.48 | (0.92–2.38) | 1.69 | (1.10–2.62) | 1.60 | (1.02–2.51) | ||||
| Parents' highest education level | High | 24.2 | 36.6 | 0.067 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Medium | 27.2 | 43.8 | 0.000 | 1.18 | (0.71–1.94) | 1.51 | (0.96–2.37) | 1.49 | (0.93–2.38) | ||||
| Low | 26.1 | 50.0 | 0.000 | 1.11 | (0.61–2.00) | 2.10 | (1.24–3.56) | 2.15 | (1.25–4.71) | ||||
| Parents' highest occupational level | High | 24.6 | 34.2 | 0.021 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| Medium | 30.9 | 43.9 | 0.008 | 1.37 | (0.83–2.27) | 1.35 | (0.85–2.43) | 1.28 | (0.80–2.06) | ||||
| Low | 22.8 | 52.2 | 0.000 | 0.91 | (0.53–1.55) | 1.74 | (1.09–2.77) | 1.83 | (1.13–2.97) | ||||
1) McNemar test
2) text in bold indicate that overall a variable contributes to the logistic model at p < 0.05
Model 1 effect of SEP on HRB at T1
Model 2 effect of SEP on HRB at T2
Model 3 effect of SEP on HRB at T2 controlled for HRB at T1
OR – odds ratio