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. 2008 Mar 5;17(3):463–473. doi: 10.1007/s11136-008-9318-5

Table 1.

Direct quantification of three- and five- level (3L, 5L) descriptors

Number Mean Median 95% CI
3L
Mobility
    No problems in walking abouta
    Some problems in walking about 74 26.70 22 22.82−30.59
    Unable to walk abouta
Self-care
    No problems with self-carea
    Some problems washing or dressing self 74 30.18 28 26.10−34.25
    Unable to wash or dress selfa
Usual activities
    No problems with performing usual activitiesa
    Some problems with performing usual activities 77 29.74 25 25.95−33.53
    Unable to perform usual activitiesa
Pain/Discomfort
    No pain or discomforta
    Moderate pain or discomfort 66 32.33 31 28.56−36.10
    Extreme pain or discomfort 66 86.36 89 83.75−88.98
    Worst imaginable pain or discomforta
Anxiety/Depression
    Not anxious or depresseda
    Moderately anxious or depressed 67 33.94 34 29.89−37.99
    Extremely anxious or depresseda 67 88.82 90 86.88−90.77
    Worst imaginable anxiety or depressiona
5L
Mobility
    No problems in walking abouta
    Mild problems in walking about 75 11.31 11 9.73–12.88
    Some problems in walking about 75 38.39 40 35.39–41.39
    Many problems in walking about 75 79.80 82 76.81–82.79
    Unable to walk abouta
Self-care
    No problems with self-carea
    Mild problems washing or dressing self 76 11.24 10 9.72–12.76
    Some problems washing or dressing self 76 37.14 38 34.14–40.15
    Many problems washing or dressing self 76 80.61 81 77.81–83.40
    Unable to wash or dress selfa
Usual activities
    No problems with performing usual activitiesa
    Mild problems with performing usual activities 77 11.08 10 9.29–12.87
    Some problems with performing usual activities 77 39.01 40 36.12–41.90
    Many problems with performing usual activities 77 80.81 83 77.70–83.91
    Unable to perform usual activitiesa
Pain/Discomfort
    No pain or discomforta
    Mild pain or discomfort 53 8.85 8 7.43–10.26
    Moderate pain or discomfort 53 32.32 31 29.58–35.06
    Severe pain or discomfort 53 67.94 68 64.98–70.90
    Extreme pain or discomfort 53 91.26 94 88.96–93.57
    Worst imaginable pain or discomforta
Anxiety/Depression
    Not anxious or depresseda
    A little anxious or depressed 59 9.46 8 7.97–10.94
    Moderately anxious or depressed 59 32.56 33 30.01–35.11
    Very anxious or depressed 59 67.37 66 64.55–70.20
    Extremely anxious or depressed 59 91.34 92 89.42–93.25
    Worst imaginable anxiety or depressiona

CI confidence interval

aLevel descriptor used as anchor in visual analog scale