Table 1.

Indian medicinal plants with antidiabetic and related beneficial properties

Plant Name	Ayurvedic/common name/herbal formulation	Antidiabetic and other beneficial effects in traditional medicine	References
Annona squamosa	Sugar apple	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of ethanolic leaf-extract, Increased plasma insulin level	[61–63]
Artemisia pallens	Davana	Hypoglycemic, increases peripheral glucose utilization or inhibits glucose reabsorption	[64]
Areca catechu	Supari	Hypoglycemic	[65]
Beta vulgaris	Chukkander	Increases glucose tolerance in OGTT	[66]
Boerhavia diffusa	punarnava	Increase in hexokinase activity,decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose bis-phosphatase activity, increase plasma insulin level, antioxidant	[67–69]
Bombax ceiba	Semul	Hypoglycemic	[70]
Butea monosperma	palasa	Antihyperglycemic	[71]
Camellia sinensis	Tea	Anti-hyperglycemic activity, antioxidant	[72, 73]
Capparis decidua	Karir or Pinju	Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic	[35]
Caesalpinia bonducella	Sagarghota, Fevernut	Hypoglycemic, insulin secretagogue, hypolipidemic	[74, 31, 32]
Coccinia indica	Bimb or Kanturi	Hypoglycemic	[36]
Emblica officinalis	Amla, Dhatriphala, a constituent of herbal formulation, “Triphala”	Decreases lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, hypoglycemic	[75–77]
Eugenia uniflora	Pitanga	Hypoglycemic, inhibits lipase activity	[78]
Enicostema littorale	krimihrita	Increase hexokinase activity, Decrease glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase activity. Dose dependent hypoglycemic activity	[79, 80]
Ficus bengalenesis	Bur	Hypoglycemic, antioxidant	[81]
Gymnema sylvestre	Gudmar or Merasingi	Anti-hyperglycemic effect, hypolipidemic	[82, 83]
Hemidesmus indicus	Anantamul	Anti snake venom activity, anti-inflammatory	[84]
Hibiscus rosa-sinesis	Gudhal or Jasson	Initiates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells	[85]
Ipomoea batatas	Sakkargand	Reduces insulin resistance	[86]
Momordica cymbalaria	Kadavanchi	Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic	[87, 88]
Murraya koenigii	Curry patta	Hypoglycemic, increases glycogenesis and decreases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis	[89]
Musa sapientum	Banana	Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant	[90–92].
Phaseolus vulgaris	Hulga, white kidney bean	Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, inhibit alpha amylase activity, antioxidant. Altered level of insulin receptor and GLUT-4 mRNA in skeletal muscle	[93–95]
Punica granatum	Anar	Antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic effect	[96]
Salacia reticulata	Vairi	inhibitotory activity against sucrase, α-glucosidase inhibitor	[97]
Scoparia dulcis	Sweet broomweed	Insulin-secretagogue activity, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant	[98–100]
Swertia chirayita	Chirata	Stimulates insulin release from islets	[101]
Syzygium alternifolium	Shahajire	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic	[102]
Terminalia belerica	Behada, a constituent of “Triphala”	Antibacterial, hypoglycemic	[103]
Terminalia chebula	Hirda	Antibacterial, hypoglycemic	[103]
Tinospora crispa		Anti-hyperglycemic, stimulates insulin release from islets	[104]
Vinca rosea	Sadabahar	Anti-hyperglycemic	[105]
Withania somnifera	Ashvagandha, winter cherry	Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic	[106]