Table 1.
Sociodemographic and child health characteristics at baseline by group status (N = 221).
| Characteristic | Control (N = 91) | Intervention (N = 130) | Total (N = 221) | Significance | Characteristic | Control (N = 91) | Intervention (N = 130) | Total (N = 221) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Caregiver respondent | Day cough symptom frequency | ||||||||
| Mother | 83 (91.2) | 115 (88.5) | 198 (89.6) | χ2 = 5.05 | |||||
| Father | 2 (2.2) | 8 (6.2) | 10 (4.5) | p = 0.41 | 1 time a week | 4 (5.2) | 3 (2.9) | 7 (3.9) | χ2 = 1.3547 |
| Stepmother | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.9) | 2–3 times a week | 31 (40.3) | 36 (34.9) | 67 (37.2) | p = 0.51 | |
| Grandmother | 4 (4.4) | 2 (1.5) | 6 (2.7) | 4+ times a week | 42 (54.5) | 64 (62.1) | 106 (58.9) | ||
| Legal guardian/other | 1 (1.1) | 4 (3.1) | 5 (2.3) | Day wheeze symptom frequency | |||||
| Parent age (mean, SD) | 35.9 (7.4) | 36.4 (8.4) | 36.2 (8.0) | t = −0.51 | |||||
| p = 0.31 | 1 time a week | 6 (7.1) | 5 (4.5) | 11 (5.6) | χ2 = .7589 | ||||
| Parent education | 2–3 times a week | 33 (39.3) | 42 (37.8) | 75 (38.5) | p = 0.68 | ||||
| <HS | 10 (11.0) | 12 (9.3) | 22 (10.0) | χ2 = 2.43 | 4+ times a week | 45 (53.6) | 64 (57.7) | 109 (55.9) | |
| HS grad | 36 (39.6) | 42 (32.6) | 78 (35.4) | p = 0.48 | Day shortness of breath symptom frequency | ||||
| Some college | 33 (36.7) | 49 (38.0) | 82 (37.3) | ||||||
| College grad + | 12 (13.2) | 26 (20.2) | 38 (17.3) | 1 time a week | 4 (5.1) | 11 (11.1) | 15 (8.5) | χ2 = 2.1501 | |
| Parent income | 2–3 times a week | 29 (37.2) | 37 (37.4) | 66 (37.2) | p = 0.34 | ||||
| <$10,000 | 4 (4.4) | 13 (10.1) | 17 (6.0) | χ2 = 5.918 | 4+ times a week | 45 (57.7) | 51 (51.5) | 96 (54.2) | |
| $10–29,999 | 32 (35.2) | 34 (26.4) | 66 (23.4) | p = 0.21 | Night cough symptom frequency | ||||
| $30–39,999 | 14 (15.4) | 18 (13.4) | 98 (34.2) | ||||||
| $40,000 + | 37 (40.6) | 62 (48.1) | 99 (34.6) | 1 time a week | 2 (2.4) | 2 (1.7) | 4 (2.0) | χ2 = .1167 | |
| Refused | 4 (4.4) | 2 (1.6) | 6 (2.1) | 2–3 times a week | 29 (34.5) | 39 (33.9) | 68 (34.1) | p = 0.94 | |
| Mother employed | 68 (74.7) | 104 (80.0) | 172 (77.8) | Z = 0.5845 | 4+ times a week | 53 (63.1) | 74 (64.3) | 127 (63.8) | |
| Yes | p = 0.44 | Hospitalized last 6 months | |||||||
| Health Insurance for child’s asthma | 85 (97.7) | 113 (95.0) | 198 (96.1) | Z = .4115 | Yes | 7 (7.9) | 7 (5.4) | 14 (6.4) | Z = .2284 |
| Yes | p = 0.52 | Emergency room visits last 6 months | p = 0.63 | ||||||
| Medical insurance | 18 (19.8) | 30 (23.3) | 48 (21.8) | Z = .2016 | |||||
| Medical assistance (Yes) | p = 0.65 | None | 73 (82.1) | 107 (83.0) | 180 (82.2) | χ2 = .1556 | |||
| 1 | 9 (10.0) | 11 (8.5) | 20 (9.1) | p = 0.93 | |||||
| Child characteristics | 2 or more | 8 (8.9) | 11 (8.5) | 19 (8.7) | |||||
| Child age (mean, SD) | 8.08 (1.48) | 8.02 (1.87) | 8.05 (1.72) | t = −.2545 | Number of school days missed last 6 months | ||||
| p = 0.80 | |||||||||
| Child gender | None | 20 (22.2) | 34 (26.2) | 54 (24.5) | χ2 = 1.6309 | ||||
| Male | 51 (56.0) | 86 (66.2) | 137 (62.0) | χ2 = 1.9128 | 1–2 | 17 (18.9) | 20 (15.4) | 37 (16.8) | p = 0.65 |
| Female | 40 (44.0) | 44 (33.8) | 84 (38.0) | p = 0.17 | 3–5 | 22 (24.4) | 38 (29.2) | 60 (27.3) | |
| Child race/ethnicity | 6 or more | 31 (34.4) | 38 (29.2) | 69 (31.4) | |||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 47 (51.6) | 76 (58.5) | 123 (55.7) | χ2 = 2.94 | Specialty care visits | ||||
| African American | 34 (37.4) | 45 (34.6) | 79 (35.7) | p = 0.40 | 1 or more | 37 (41.6) | 44 (33.1) | 81 (37.2) | Z = .957 |
| Hispanic | 2 (2.2) | 4 (3.1) | 6 (2.7) | p = 0.33 | |||||
| Other | 8 (8.8) | 5 (3.8) | 13 (6.9) | ||||||
| Asthma Severitya | Taking daily controller asthma medicine | Z = 0.089 | |||||||
| Mild intermittent | 39 (42.9) | 47 (36.2) | 86 (38.9) | χ2 = 1.8317 | Yes | 55 (60.4) | 73 (57.5) | 128 (58, 7) | p = 0.77 |
| Mild persistent | 34 (37.4) | 51 (39.2) | 85 (38.5) | p = 0.61 | Number of steroid courses past year | ||||
| Moderate persistent | 8 (8.8) | 18 (13.8) | 26 (11.7) | ||||||
| Severe persistent | 10 (10.9) | 14 (10.8) | 24 (10.9) | None | 40 (43.9) | 58 (45.7) | 98 (44.9) | χ2 = 3.468 | |
| Day symptoms (yes) | 1–2 | 37 (40.7) | 43 (33.9) | 80 (36.7) | p = 0.32 | ||||
| Wheezing | 83 (91.2) | 114 (87.7) | 197 (89.1) | p = .5437 | 3–4 | 9 (9.9) | 22 (17.3) | 31 (14.2) | |
| Shortness of breath | 76 (85.4) | 100 (78.1) | 176 (82.7) | p = 0.24 | 5 or more | 5 (5.5) | 4 (3.1) | 9 (4.1) | |
| Daytime cough | 77 (85.6) | 105 (80.7) | 182 (82.7) | p = 0.46 | Prednisone in home | Z = 0 | |||
| Night time cough | 84 (92.3) | 117 (90.0) | 201 (90.9) | p = 0.73 | Yes | 27 (29.7) | 39 (30.2) | 66 (30.0) | p = 1.0 |
| With exercise | 59 (65.6) | 80 (62.0) | 139 (63.5) | p = 0.68 | |||||
| With colds | 79 (86.8) | 112 (87.5) | 191 (87.2) | p = 1.0 | |||||