FIGURE 2.

VPA, a selective GSK3β inhibitor, as well as GSK3β knockdown suppresses TNF-α-elicited p65 phosphorylation at Ser-468 and induces inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser-9, reminiscent of the effect of HGF. A, HKC cells were treated with or without TNF-α (2 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of decreasing amounts (1 mm, 100 μm, 10 μm) of VPA for 60 min. Immunoblot assays were carried out on total cell lysates. B, HKC cells were transfected with scrambled or GSK3β-specific siRNA and then treated as indicated for 60 min. Immunoblot analysis was performed on total cell lysates.