TABLE 2.
Characteristics of study participants (n=95)
| Age (y) | 10.3 ± 1.4 |
| Sex (% Female) | 60.0 |
| Race | |
| White (%) | 48.4 |
| Black (%) | 36.8 |
| Other (%) | 14.7 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 28.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.3 ± 6.6 |
| BMI-SDS (CDC 2000) | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
| Fat mass (%) | 48.5 ± 6.1 |
| Fasting leptin (ng/mL) | 32.8 ± 20.1 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 88.1 ± 6.3 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 21.4 ± 11.4 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 3.8 ± 1.4 |
| Fasting I/G ratio (μU/mL/mg/dL) | 0.24 ± 0.12 |
| HOMA-IR (μU/mL × mg/dL) | 4.77 ± 2.70 |
| First-phase insulin (μU/mL) | 163.0 ± 101.5 |
| Steady-state insulin (μU/mL) | 221.1 ± 120.7 |
| SIclamp (mg/kg·min/μU/mL) | 4.87 ± 2.95 |
| First-phase C-peptide (ng/mL) | 9.6 ± 3.8 |
| Steady-state C-peptide (ng/mL) | 13.6 ± 3.6 |
| Fasting C/I molar ratio | 9.1 ± 3.6 |
| First-phase C/I molar ratio | 3.5 ± 2.1 |
| Steady-state C/I molar ratio | 3.3 ± 1.3 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1345 ± 608 |
Mean ± SD shown unless otherwise indicated. SI unit conversion factors: glucose (mg/dL) × 0.0555 to obtain mmol/L; insulin (μU/mL) × 7.175 to obtain pmol/L; C-peptide (ng/mL) × 0.3310 to obtain nmol/L; leptin (ng/ml) × 0.0625 to obtain nmol/L. I/G ratio: insulin/glucose ratio; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; C/I ratio: C-peptide/insulin ratio; SIclamp: insulin sensitivity estimated during hyperglycemic clamp.