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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Mar 31.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005 Jan 8;49(1):1–21. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.11.005

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons leads to microglia activation and proliferation. Pure microglial cultures were treated for 3 h with media from rat hippocampal neuronal cultures conditioned with 24 h of oxidative stress (nitric oxide, 300 μM). Representative images illustrate the significant expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (microglial activation) or the uptake of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (microglial proliferation) in microglia treated with media from neurons exposed to oxidative stress when compared to control cultures. In all cases, control = treated with media from neurons not exposed to oxidative stress.