. 2008 Feb 15;4(1):19–25.

Table 1.

Demographic, Sleep and Respiratory Data and Clinical Characteristics: Comparisons Between Men and Women Within Each of the 3 EDS Subgroups and Comparisons Among the 3 EDS Subgroups in Men and Women Separately

	Total Group (N = 1106)		No (n = 528)1		EDS Mild/Moderate (n = 385)		Severe (n = 193)
	Men (n = 741)	Women (n = 365)	Men (n = 364)	Women (n = 164)	Men (n = 255)	Women (n = 130)	Men (n = 122)	Women (n = 71)
Age, y	50.8 ± 0.5	51.3 ± 0.7	52.1 ± 0.7^b	52.6 ± 0.9	49.5 ± 0.8^b	50.3 ± 1.2	50.0 ± 1.1	50.1 ± 1.5
AHI	40.4 ± 1.2^a	31.0 ± 1.8^a	38.0 ± 1.6^a	25.1 ± 2.2^a^,^c	42.1 ± 2.1^a	31.5 ± 3.0^a^,^d	43.7 ± 3.0	43.9 ± 4.9^c^,^d
Lowest SaO₂	79.9 ± 0.3	80.2 ± 0.4	80.7 ± 0.4^c	81.3 ± 0.5^c	79.8 ± 0.5^d	79.5 ± 0.8	77.8 ± 0.9^c^,^d	78.8 ± 1.0^c
BMI , kg/m²	35.3 ± 0.3^a	39.6 ± 0.5^a	34.8 ± 0.4^a^,^c	38.7 ± 0.8^a^,^b	35.4 ± 0.5^a	41.7 ± 1.0^a^,^b	36.5 ± 0.7^a^,^c	39.1 ± 1.1^a
ESS score	10.8 ± 0.2	11.5 ± 0.3	6.3 ± 0.1^b^,^c^,^d	6.5 ± 0.2^b^,^c^,^d	13.2 ± 0.1^b^,^c^,^d	13.5 ± 0.2^b^,^c^,^d	19.3 ± 0.2^b^,^c^,^d	19.2 ± 0.2^b^,^c^,^d
Activity score	23.9 ± 1.4^a	18.7 ± 1.6^a	26.3 ± 2.2^a	18.7 ± 2.8^a	22.7 ± 2.2	16.7 ± 2.0	19.3 ± 2.2	22.3 ± 3.4
Regular exercise, %	39.1^a	28.8^a	43.7^a^,^e	26.8^a	36.9^a^,^e	28.5^a	30.3^e	33.8
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	139.0 ± 0.7	139.9 ± 1.1	138.5 ± 1.0	138.7 ± 1.6	139.6 ± 1.1	141.9 ± 1.8	139.1 ± 1.8	139.1 ± 2.6
Diastolic	81.1 ± 0.4^a	79.2 ± 0.6^a	80.7 ± 0.6^c	80.0 ± 0.9	80.8 ± 0.7^a^,^d	78.4 ± 0.9^a	83.3 ± −0.9^a^,^c^,^d	78.6 ± 1.4^a
Cardiovascular problems, %	31.4^a	21.9^a	33.4^a	24.7^a	29.8	20.9	28.9	17.1
Depression, %	18.6^a	37.4^a	14.4^a^,^e	33.7^a	22.4^a^,^e	42.3^a	23.3^a^,^e	36.6^a
Insomnia, %	9.8^a	18.9^a	10.8^a	22.4^a	8.8^a	17.1^a	8.4^a	14.5^a
Diabetes, %	16.0^a	21.1^a	15.8	20.1	16.5	20.0	15.7	25.4
CNS medications, %	29.8^a	47.8^a	31.6^a	47.3^a	29.8^a	45.7^a	24.2^a	52.2^a
Sleep stage, %
1	24.9 ± 0.7^a	19.2 ± 0.9^a	24.2 ± 0.9^a	17.7 ± 1.1^a^,^c	25.0 ± 1.3^a	18.4 ± 1.5^a^,^d	26.9 ± 1.8	24.1 ± 2.4^c^,^d
REM	9.9 ± 0.3^a	11.1 ± 0.5^a	10.2 ± 0.4^a	11.9 ± 0.7^a	9.8 ± 0.5	10.6 ± 0.7	9.2 ± 0.8	10.4 ± 1.1
SWS	1.4 ± 0.2^a	3.6 ± 0.4^a	1.5 ± 0.2^a^,^c	4.3 ± 0.7^a	1.3 ± 0.2^a	3.1 ± 0.6^a	1.5 ± 0.5^c	3.0 ± 0.8
TST	69.5 ± 0.6	71.2 ± 0.9	68.4 ± 0.9	70.1 ± 1.3	71.6 ± 0.9	72.4 ± 1.5	68.7 ± 1.5	71.3 ± 1.8
Subjective sleep duration, min	406 ± 4	407 ± 6	413 ± 6	401 ± 9	400 ± 7	409 ± 10	400 ± 10	417 ± 13
Napping, %	30.4^a	37.8^a	16.7^a^,^e	25.0^a^,^e	39.6^e	36.9^e	52.1^a^,^e	69.0^a^,^e

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and percentages. AHI refers to apnea-hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; CNS, central nervous system; REM, rapid eye movement; SWS, slow-wave sleep; TST, total sleep time. Cardiovascular problems include heart trouble and stroke.

Comparisons between men and women in the same excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) group, p< 0.05

Comparisons between no EDS vs mild/moderate EDS, p< 0.05

Comparisons between no EDS vs severe EDS, p< 0.05

Comparisons between mild/moderate EDS vs severe EDS, p< 0.05

Comparisons among no EDS vs. mild/moderate EDS vs severe EDS, p< 0.05