Table 2.

Main experiment: mean (S.D.) EMG onset latency (ms), amplitude (mV) and probability of occurrence (%) for the simple RT in the sternocleidomastoid and paraspinal muscles

			Latency	Amplitude	Probability
All trials	HR–non-startle	SCM	166.83 (53.95)	1.98 (2.27)	n.a.
		PARA	165.95 (55.99)	2.59 (3.00)	n.a.
	HR–startle	SCM	102.62 (46.66)	3.03 (4.01)	n.a.
		PARA	104.83 (44.74)	4.09 (4.59)	n.a.
EMG-defined startles	HR–startle from the right*	SCM left	62.02 (11.39)	2.85 (3.24)	41%
		SCM right	62.53 (9.93)	3.15 (4.09)	37%
		PARA left	61.35 (8.54)	4.66 (4.76)	35%
		PARA right	63.76 (9.10)	5.56 (4.90)	33%
Mixed model analyses
All trials	Stimulus (HR–non-startle/HR–startle)	SCM	***	—	n.a.
		PARA	***	—	n.a.
EMG-defined startles	Startle side (left/right)	SCM	—	—	—
		PARA	—	—	—
	Muscle side (left/right)	SCM	—	—	—
		PARA	—	—	—
	Startle side × muscle side	SCM	—	—	—
		PARA	—	—	—

The table summarizes data as function of stimulus (HR–non-startle and HR–startle) and muscle (SCM and PARA) in all trials. This is followed by data as function of side of the startling stimulus (*only the right side is depicted here, as data values for the left side were comparable) and muscle side (left, right) in EMG-defined startles. EMG-defined startles included trials in which the onset latency preceded 83 ms for the SCM or 80 ms for the paraspinal muscles (PARA). Results of the mixed model analyses are shown for the log-transformed data as function of type of stimulus and muscle in all trials, followed by results of log-transformed data as function of the side of the startling stimulus and muscle side in the EMG-defined startles. ***P < 0.001; n.a., not applicable.