Table 2.
Effect of gradual normocapnic (NCH) and hypercapnic hypoxia (HCH) on arterial blood gases, acid–base balance, and metabolic parameters in NW and IUGR piglets
| Baseline | Hypoxia 10th min | Hypoxia 50th min | Recovery 180th min | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Control | NW | 67 ± 4 | 71 ± 7 | 72 ± 4 | 68 ± 10 | |
| IUGR | 60 ± 7 | 62 ± 7 | 64 ± 13 | 56 ± 6 | ||
| NCH | Moderate | NW | 60 ± 6 | 65 ± 9 | 68 ± 11# | 56 ± 8 |
| IUGR | 58 ± 10 | 61 ± 9 | 59 ± 11 | 60 ± 14 | ||
| Severe | NW | 65 ± 11 | 68 ± 6 | 67 ± 9 | 73 ± 17 | |
| IUGR | 58 ± 9 | 56 ± 10§ | 45 ± 9*§# | 68 ± 14 | ||
| HCH | Moderate | NW | 61 ± 7 | 80 ± 8‡# | 74 ± 11# | 59 ± 10 |
| IUGR | 60 ± 11 | 71 ± 14# | 71 ± 16# | 64 ± 18 | ||
| Severe | NW | 63 ± 4 | 79 ± 7# | 64 ± 10 | 62 ± 11 | |
| IUGR | 62 ± 10 | 70 ± 9 | 52 ± 15 | 66 ± 8 | ||
 (mmHg) | ||||||
| Control | NW | 40 ± 2 | 41 ± 1 | 41 ± 2 | 40 ± 1 | |
| IUGR | 40 ± 1 | 39 ± 2 | 40 ± 2 | 38 ± 3 | ||
| NCH | Moderate | NW | 41 ± 1 | 41 ± 3 | 39 ± 2 | 37 ± 5 |
| IUGR | 40 ± 3 | 41 ± 4 | 42 ± 3 | 41 ± 3 | ||
| Severe | NW | 38 ± 2 | 37 ± 1 | 40 ± 4 | 40 ± 3 | |
| IUGR | 38 ± 1 | 36 ± 2 | 39 ± 4 | 39 ± 2 | ||
| HCH | Moderate | NW | 40 ± 4 | 75 ± 5*‡# | 80 ± 6*‡# | 39 ± 3 |
| IUGR | 40 ± 2 | 79 ± 6*‡# | 74 ± 3*‡# | 39 ± 4 | ||
| Severe | NW | 38 ± 1 | 78 ± 3*‡# | 79 ± 3*‡# | 41 ± 2 | |
| IUGR | 41 ± 4 | 75 ± 7*‡# | 75 ± 3*‡# | 43 ± 4* | ||
| Arterial pH | ||||||
| Control | NW | 7.46 ± 0.02 | 7.46 ± 0.02 | 7.46 ± 0.02 | 7.44 ± 0.02 | |
| IUGR | 7.47 ± 0.04 | 7.48 ± 0.03 | 7.45 ± 0.05 | 7.45 ± 0.05 | ||
| NCH | Moderate | NW | 7.46 ± 0.04 | 7.46 ± 0.05 | 7.44 ± 0.05 | 7.47 ± 0.06 |
| IUGR | 7.46 ± 0.04 | 7.41 ± 0.05*# | 7.34 ± 0.07*# | 7.44 ± 0.04 | ||
| Severe | NW | 7.54 ± 0.04 | 7.43 ± 0.04# | 7.06 ± 0.08*§# | 7.51 ± 0.08 | |
| IUGR | 7.55 ± 0.02 | 7.47 ± 0.03 | 7.20 ± 0.05*†‡# | 7.43 ± 0.17 | ||
| HCH | Moderate | NW | 7.47 ± 0.04 | 7.23 ± 0.03*‡# | 7.19 ± 0.04*†‡# | 7.48 ± 0.04 |
| IUGR | 7.47 ± 0.03 | 7.17 ± 0.06*‡# | 7.17 ± 0.03*‡# | 7.44 ± 0.06 | ||
| Severe | NW | 7.49 ± 0.05 | 7.12 ± 0.04*‡§ | 6.87 ± 0.08*†‡§ | 7.46 ± 0.05 | |
| IUGR | 7.48 ± 0.05 | 7.13 ± 0.08*‡# | 6.92 ± 0.11*†‡§ | 7.41 ± 0.09 | ||
| Arterial O2 content (mmol l−1) | ||||||
| Control | NW | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | |
| IUGR | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.6# | ||
| NCH | Moderate | NW | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 0.5*# | 2.7 ± 0.6*# | 5.2 ± 1.0# |
| IUGR | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 0.5*# | 2.4 ± 0.4*# | 4.5 ± 0.5# | ||
| Severe | NW | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3*†# | 0.9 ± 0.2*†# | 5.0 ± 1.0 | |
| IUGR | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2*†# | 0.9 ± 0.3*†# | 4.7 ± 1.2 | ||
| HCH | Moderate | NW | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7*# | 2.5 ± 0.5*# | 4.9 ± 0.8 |
| IUGR | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 0.7*# | 2.6 ± 0.5*# | 4.1 ± 0.7# | ||
| Severe | NW | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.1*†# | 0.7 ± 0.2*†# | 5.0 ± 1.6 | |
| IUGR | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.2*†# | 0.7 ± 0.2*†# | 4.4 ± 1.2 | ||
Values are presented as means ±s.d.
*
P < 0.05. indicates comparison with untreated control animals
#
P < 0.05. comparison within every group with baseline
†
P < 0.05. comparison between severity within NCH or HCH
§
P < 0.05. comparison between NW versus IUGR within severity
‡
P < 0.05. comparison between NCH and HCH.