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. 2008 Mar 26;14(5-6):235–237. doi: 10.2119/2008-00037.Fleissner

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin supplementation on EPCs; IGF-1 increases overall NO bioavailability that results in EPC release from the bone marrow. IGF1R activation by IGF-1 or insulin on EPC probably leads to enhanced eNOS expression and improvement of cellular functions. This may translate to improvements of vascular repair and overall reduction of cardiovascular risk.