Table 4. Severe anaemia and parasitological outcomes at delivery. Crude and adjusted effect by gravidity and HIV status.
| Placebo+ITNs | SP*+ITNs | |||||||
| n/N | (%) | n/N | (%) | RR | (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Severe anaemia (PCV <21%) † ‡ | ||||||||
| Crude analysis | 8/495 | (1.62) | 2/493 | (0.41) | 0.25 | (0.05–1.16) | 0.055 | |
| adjusted by gravidity | 0.25 | (0.05–1.16) | 0.077 | |||||
| adjusted by HIV status | 0.24 | (0.05–1.13) | 0.070 | |||||
| Severe anaemia (PCV <21%) by gravidity | ||||||||
| Primigravidae | 3/127 | (2.36) | 0/133 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (.-.) | 0.072 | |
| 1 to 3 pregnancies | 3/193 | (1.55) | 1/192 | (0.52) | 0.33 | (0.03–3.16) | 0.312 | |
| ≥4 pregnancies | 2/175 | (1.14) | 1/168 | (0.60) | 0.51 | (0.05–5.63) | 0.579 | |
| Severe anaemia (PCV <21%) by HIV status | ||||||||
| Negative | 5/324 | (1.54) | 1/311 | (0.32) | 0.21 | (0.04–1.75) | 0.108 | |
| Positive | 2/87 | (2.30) | 1/112 | (0.89) | 0.39 | (0.04–4.25) | 0.424 | |
| Not done § | 1/84 | (1.19) | 0/70 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (.-.) | 0.351 | |
| Peripheral parasitaemia ¶ | ||||||||
| Crude analysis | 75/495 | (15.15) | 35/493 | (7.10) | 0.47 | (0.32–0.69) | 0.000 | |
| adjusted by gravidity | 0.46 | (0.31–0.69) | 0.000 | |||||
| adjusted by HIV status | 0.47 | (0.33–0.70) | 0.000 | |||||
| Peripheral parasitaemia by gravidity | ||||||||
| Primigravidae | 30/127 | (23.62) | 18/133 | (13.53) | 0.57 | (0.34–0.97) | 0.036 | |
| 1 to 3 pregnancies | 31/193 | (16.06) | 12/192 | (6.25) | 0.39 | (0.21–0.73) | 0.002 | |
| ≥4 pregnancies | 14/175 | (8.00) | 5/168 | (2.98) | 0.37 | (0.14–1.01) | 0.042 | |
| Peripheral parasitaemia by HIV status | ||||||||
| Negative | 43/324 | (13.27) | 22/311 | (7.10) | 0.53 | (0.33–0.87) | 0.010 | |
| Positive | 17/87 | (19.54) | 6/112 | (5.56) | 0.27 | (0.11–0.67) | 0.002 | |
| Not done § | 15/84 | (17.86) | 7/70 | (9.33) | 0.56 | (0.24–1.30) | 0.165 | |
| Any placental malaria infection ** | 219/419 | (52.27) | 222/426 | (52.11) | 1.00 | (0.88–1.13) | 0.964 | |
| Positive impression smears | 57/419 | (13.6) | 30/426 | (7.04) | 0.52 | (0.34–0.79) | 0.002 | |
| Positive histology | 213/419 | (50.84) | 218/426 | (51.17) | 1.01 | (0.88–1.15) | 0.922 | |
| Classification of placental infection by histology | n/N | (%) | n/N | (%) | ||||
| acute | 25/419 | (5.96) | 16/426 | (3.75) | 0.004 | |||
| chronic | 51/419 | (12.17) | 28/426 | (6.57) | ||||
| past | 137/419 | (32.69) | 174/426 | (40.84) | ||||
| not infected | 206/419 | (49.16) | 208/426 | (48.82) | ||||
*
Sulphadoxine-pirimethamine
†
Packed-cell volume
‡
Interaction between group and gravidity, p = 0.409; Interaction between group and HIV status, p = 0.760
§
Refused voluntary counselling and testing
¶
Interaction between group and gravidity, p = 0.622; Interaction between group and HIV status, p = 0.414
**
Either histology or impression smear