TABLE 1.

Mixed-model methods used for association mapping and the corresponding statistical models for the two-stage association approaches analyzed in this study

Method	Statistical model	Population structure matrix D	Kinship matrix K
QK		STRUCTURE	SPAGeDi
PK		First eight principal components	SPAGeDi
K		—	SPAGeDi
G		—	Pedigree information
Kunrel		—
QK0.70		STRUCTURE
PK0.70		First eight principal components	T = 0.70
K0.70		—	T = 0.70
K0.35		—	T = 0.35

For a detailed definition of the statistical models and description of the different methods see materials and methods.