Fig. 1.

Genetic influence on queen caste determination in A. echinatior. The photo shows the three female castes: small worker, large worker, and queen. Data presented are proportions of individuals sampled per patriline for five colonies that were workers (clear) or queens (colored). The significance of Fisher's (Top bars) and G tests (Bottom bars) are shown testing the null hypothesis that patriline ratios did not vary significantly within a colony (*, P < 0.05; ns, P > 0.05). Sample sizes are given above the columns and are circled when the individual tests for a patriline showed that its ratio differed significantly from the overall ratio for the colony. In the figure, the worker proportions have been adjusted for the actual numbers of individuals genotyped in each colony such that a proportion of 0.5 is expected for each caste in all colonies.