Effects of i.c.v. injection of NPY (A), [leu31, pro34] NPY (B) and NPY 3–36 (C) on gastric distension-induced pyloric relaxation. i.c.v. injection of NPY (0.03–3 nmol (3 μl)−1 per rat) and [leu31, pro34] NPY (0.03–3 nmol (3 μl)−1 per rat) significantly inhibited gastric distension-induced pyloric relaxation in a dose-dependent manner (n = 4). In contrast, NPY 3–36 (0.03–3 nmol (3 μl)−1 per rat) significantly enhanced gastric distension-induced pyloric relaxation in a dose-dependent manner (n = 4, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 by ANOVA).