Table 2.

Overall classification of RCTs reporting interim analysis or DMC use based on trial progress

Trial Progress	Trials reporting interim analysis (with or without specification of a DMC)	Trials identified as having extended use of interim data or DMC recommendations	Trials identified as having extended use of interim data or DMC recommendations with the potential to introduce bias
Total (N)	586	74	28
Continued to or Extended beyond planned conclusion	457	55	26
Early stop for benefit	53	7	1
Early stop for harm	22	3	0
Stopped for futility	28	7	0
Early stop for other reasons	26	2	1