Table 2.

Characteristics of the Participants with and without Successful MPOD Estimates

	With Measurements			Without Measurements
	n (%)*	Age (Mean ± SD)	Range (y)	n (%)*	Age (mean ± SD)	Range (y)
Total	183(82)	78.9 ± 3.2	69–86	39(18)	79.8 ± 3.1	76–86
By gender
Male	89(84)	79.5 ± 3.1	70–86	17(16)	79.5 ± 2.5	76–85
Female	94(81)	78.3 ± 3.3†	69–85	22(19)	80.1 ± 3.6†	76–86
By race
White	148(87)‡	78.8 ± 3.3	69–85	22(13)‡	79.5 ± 3.1	76–85
Black	35(67)‡	79.1 ± 3.0	76–86	17(33)‡	80.4 ± 3.1	76–86
By lutein supplement use§
Users	62(83)	78.3 ± 3.5	69–85	13(17)	79.5 ± 2.9	76–85
Nonusers	120(82)	79.1 ± 3.1	72–86	26(18)	80.0 ± 3.2	76–86

^*Percentage of total (n = 222) and by gender, race, or lutein supplement use subgroup.

^†Unpaired two-tailed t-test, P = 0.008.

^‡χ² test, P = 0.0007.

^§Lutein supplement use status could not be ascertained for one participant.