(A) Freezing response (mean/min) before and after foot shock during training in the contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (B) and corticosterone (C) plasma levels in chronically treated animals sacrificed 15 minutes after training. PSD refers to 96 hours of paradoxical sleep deprivation; CTL, control; MET, metyrapone; VEH, vehicle. * Indicates that both PSD groups, regardless of the treatment, are different from their respective CTL groups. n = 14–16 for behavioral results and 7–8 for hormone results.