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The local reference frames (LRFs) for amino acids. The orthogonal vectors Ôx, Ôy, and Ôz of any LRF can be constructed if three noncollinear points P1, P2, and P3 are specified. If the LRFs of two amino acids (LRFi and LRFj) are known, their relative positions and three-dimensional orientations are described by the parameters rij, θij, φij, θji, φji, and ωij.
