Stimulation of PLD by GM2 ganglioside activator and PKC under PtdIns-4,5-P2-containing mixed lipid vesicle assay. PLD activity was measured with various concentrations of purified PKC plus 100 nM PMA in the presence of various combinations of activators as indicated. •, with 7 μM PtdIns-4,5-P2, 200 nM ARF, and 56 nM GM2 ganglioside activator; ○, with 7 μM PtdIns-4,5-P2, and 200 nM ARF; ■, with 7 μM PtdIns-4,5-P2, 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 200 nM ARF, and 56 nM GM2 ganglioside activator; □, with 7 μM PtdIns-4,5-P2, 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, and 200 nM ARF; ▴, with 1.6 M ammonium sulfate, 200 nM ARF, and 56 nM GM2 ganglioside activator; ▵, with 200 nM ARF.