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Response of ethylene overproduction mutant eto1-1 and constitutive triple-response mutant ctr1-1 roots toward mechanical impedance. A to D, Root length (A and C) and root diameter (B and D) of eto1-1 and ctr1-1 mutants, respectively. Mutant seedlings were grown for 3 d in horizontal or vertical conditions under continuous light. Vertical bars = mean ± se. Data are from three independent experiments with 10 to 12 seedlings per experiment.
