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Effects of calcium ion channel blockers, gadolinium ion (Gd3+; A) and lanthanum ion (La3+; B), on the growth of Arabidopsis wild-type roots. Wild-type seedlings were grown for 3 d in horizontal or vertical conditions under continuous light in the presence or absence of ion channel blockers. Vertical bars = mean ± se. Data are from three independent experiments with 10 to 12 seedlings per experiment.
