Table 1.

Subject demographics

	Normal	Bipolar	Depression	Schizophrenia	P-value†	F or Chi-squared value (df)	Exact P-value
N*	13	15	14	15	n/a	n/a	n/a
F/M	6/9	6/9	6/9	6/9	n/a	n/a	n/a
Ave. age at death	48 ± 11	42.3 ± 11.7	46.5 ± 9.3	44.5 ± 13.1	0.520	0.76 (53)	0.608
Age range at death	29–68	30–61	30–65	25–62	n/a	n/a	n/a
Ave. duration of disease	n/a	20.1 ± 9.7	12.4 ± 11.4	21.3 ± 11.4	0.112	2.30 (42)	0.067
Postmortem interval	23.7 ± 9.9	32.5 ± 16.1	27.5 ± 10.7	33.7 ± 14.6	0.147	1.86 (56)	0.513
Tissue pH	6.27 ± 0.24	6.18 ± 0.23	6.18 ± 0.22	6.16 ± 0.26	0.616††	0.60 (55)	0.611
Fluphenazine (in 1,000 mg)**	n/a	7.5 (0–60)	0.0	35.0 (0–200)	0.299	1.12 (28)	0.124
Psychosis	n/a	11/15	0/14	15/15	0.107†††	2.60 (1)	0.100
Suicide	0/15	9/15	7/15	4/15	0.181†††	2.17 (1)	0.220

^*N = number of samples obtained from Stanley Foundation; values are mean ± sem

^**Fluphenazine equivalent, an indicator of exposure to medication; median (range)

^†Comparisons between all groups, except for duration (excluding normal), fluphenazine units (comparison between bipolar and schizophrenia only), psychosis (comparison between bipolar and schizophrenia only) and suicide (omitting normal)

^††The F-test was computed for pH varying by diagnosis

^†††A chi-squared test was used for psychosis and suicide.