Table 2.

Measures of glucose metabolism while fasting and during 75 gm oral glucose challenge.

	Week 4	Week 12	Week 24	Week 48
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	5.47 (5.05, 5.74)	5.65 (5.3, 6.09) p=0.001	5.77 (5.32, 6.24) p=0.003	5.59 (5.24, 6.05) p=0.041
Fasting insulin, pmol/L	66 (38, 120)	83 (54, 128) p=0.046	104* (49, 153) p=0.003	99 (56, 131) p=0.016
HOMA IR, uU/ml × mmol/L	2.4 (1.3, 4.6)	3.1 (1.9, 5.4) p=0.034	3.9* (1.8, 6.5) p=0.002	3.5 (2.0, 5.2) p=0.009
Fructosamine, mmol/L	235 (222, 248)	230 (221, 245) p=0.13	239 (229, 246) p=0.4	234 (222, 252) p=0.5
OGTT
30-min glucose (mmol/L)	9.57 (8.08, 10.16)	9.13 (7.71, 10.3) p=0.8	9.05 (7.83, 10.16) p=0.9	8.91 (7.80, 9.80) p=0.6
30-min insulin (pmol/L)	396 ‡ (243, 743)	569 ‡ (368, 875) p=0.017	479* (333, 778) p=0.3	465* (271, 806) p=0.3
30-minute Δ insulin/Δglucose pmol/mmol	100 ‡ (50, 238)	150 ‡ (88, 238) p=0.001	138† (50, 200) p=0.2	113* (75, 188) p=0.057
120-min glucose, mmol/L	6.91 (5.27, 7.96)	6.83* (5.11, 8.05) p=0.2	6.97 (5.61, 8.63) p=0.1	6.02† (4.88, 7.49) p=0.3
120-min insulin, pmol/L	361† (236, 889)	396 (295, 608) p=0.2	375* (229, 993) p=0.2	299‡ (146, 611) p=0.4
Total glucose AUC, mmol/L•min•103	0.99 (0.87, 1.07)	0.97* (0.83, 1.13) p=0.4	0.98 (0.83, 1.14) p=0.3	0.92† (0.80, 1.03) p=0.4
Total insulin AUC, pmol/L•min•103	52.1† (31.3, 110.4)	70.1* (43.1, 123.6) p=0.025	69.5‡ (44.4, 106.3) p=0.11	50.7 ¶ (34.0, 87.5) p=0.9
Insulin sensitivity index [Matsuda, 1999 #2068]	4.0 (1.9, 5.6)	2.8 (1.8, 4.3) p=0.003	2.3* (1.4, 4.9) p=0.003	2.8 (2.0, 5.0) p=0.15

Results are given as median (interquartile range). p-values are Wilcoxon signed rank test, for comparison with week 4. N=32 for each value, except as noted:

^*N=31

^†N=30

^‡N=29

^¶N=28.