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Reaction mechanism for the aminoacylation of tRNA. The reaction mechanism for the amino acid activation and the aminoacyl transfer steps of the tRNA aminoacylation reaction are shown. In this mechanism, the amino acid (AA) and ATP are assumed to bind to the aminoacy-tRNA synthetase (E) in random order. “•” and “~” represent noncovalent and covalent bonds, respectively. Rate and dissociation constants are shown next to the steps to which they correspond.
