Fig. 4.

Subject examples showing relationship between apical support and vaginal length in determining the size of cystoceles. Top row:MR image with maximal Valsalva. Bottom row: Coordinate axis, vaginal tracings, as well as bladder and cervical locations. Images have been standardized for pelvic size and orientation. a Subject who had uterine descent and large cystocele. b Subject with relatively well-supported apical compartments who had large cystocele with a long anterior vaginal wall. c Subject with cystocele and a normal vaginal wall length. d Subject with cystocele with a short vaginal wall length