Figure 1.

Ciliary beats in different cilia configurations. The top line displays three isolated cilia beating in different viscosities (μ_water, 2μ_water and 3μ_water, correspondingly, from left to right). The solid and dashed lines represent the recovery and effective stroke, respectively. The time interval between snapshots is 3 msec. The middle line displays one snapshot of the 2-, 5-, and 10-cilia configurations in the viscosity of water. The bottom line displays eight snapshots of the 100-cilia configuration. Note that coordination similar to metachronism occurs in the multicilia configurations. The axes are in units of ciliary length. These figures are reproduced from Gueron and Levit-Gurevich (3).