None of the four parameters was substantially affected by the betablockers. 0, no betablocker treatment; 1, betablocker treatment. * Units for the ordinate: turbulence onset of the HR (HR-TO), %; turbulence slope of the HR (HR-TS), ms BBI−1; turbulence slope of the mean blood pressure (MBP-TS), mmHg BBI−1; and postextrasystolic amplitude potentiation (PEAP), %.