A, time course of the fall in FI,O2 (switch to hypoxia at 0 min), and the point of 1st arousal; note arousal latency was significantly delayed in anti-VIP mice. B, the increase in MVTs over time was also less in anti-VIP mice. C and D, overall, MVTs during hypoxia were less frequent (D) but of similar duration (C) in anti-VIP mice. E, hypoxia provoked a comparable increase in the frequency of sighs in both groups of mice.