Fetal arterial partial pressure of oxygen (A), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (B), and arterial pH (C) before and during administration of saline (left column of panels, n = 7), injection plus infusion of procaine (middle column, n = 6), or multiple injections of procaine (right column, n = 5) into the pericardium. Data are represented as mean values with vertical bars representing 1 standard error above and below the mean.