Table 2.
Characteristics of the subjects in the sedentary, lower body resistive training and whole body resistive training groups
| Parameter | Group | Baseline | Week RT12 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | SED | 66 ± 3 | ||
| LBRT | 67 ± 3 | |||
| WBRT | 65 ± 2 | |||
| Height (cm) | SED | 167 ± 3 | ||
| LBRT | 166 ± 3 | |||
| WBRT | 166 ± 4 | |||
| Weight (kg) | SED | 67.7 ± 4.1 | 67.7 ± 4.0 | 0.0 ± 0.2 |
| LBRT | 69.2 ± 5.9 | 68.7 ± 5.7 | −0.5 ± 0.3 | |
| WBRT | 72.1 ± 3.6 | 71.9 ± 3.7 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | |
| Percentage body fat* | SED | 38.7 ± 2.8 | 40.1 ± 2.8 | 1.4 ± 1.2 |
| LBRT | 37.8 ± 1.8 | 39.4 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | |
| WBRT | 40.5 ± 3.5 | 42.1 ± 3.2 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | |
| Fat-free mass* (kg) | SED | 42.1 ± 3.1 | 41.0 ± 3.0 | −1.1 ± 0.8 |
| LBRT | 43.0 ± 4.0 | 41.8 ± 3.8 | −1.2 ± 0.5 | |
| WBRT | 42.6 ± 2.8 | 41.1 ± 2.3 | −1.5 ± 0.7 | |
| Total body water* (l) | SED | 28.9 ± 2.3 | 27.8 ± 2.0 | −1.1 ± 1.0 |
| LBRT | 30.4 ± 2.9 | 29.5 ± 2.8 | −0.9 ± 0.6 | |
| WBRT | 30.6 ± 2.0 | 28.9 ± 1.5 | −1.7 ± 0.8 | |
| Protein–mineral mass (kg) | SED | 12.5 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.4 |
| LBRT | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.3 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | |
| WBRT | 12.0 ± 1.0 | 12.3 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | |
| Urinary creatinine (g day−1) | SED | 1.08 ± 0.12 | 1.00 ± 0.11 | −0.08 ± 0.04 |
| LBRT | 1.14 ± 0.17 | 1.04 ± 0.12 | −0.10 ± 0.07 | |
| WBRT | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 1.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.06 | |
| Mid-thigh muscle area † (cm2) | SED | 100.4 ± 8.0 | 98.7 ± 7.5 | −1.7 ± 0.6 |
| LBRT | 115.6 ± 12.6 | 117.7 ± 12.3 | 2.1 ± 1.3† | |
| WBRT | 113.5 ± 8.8 | 115.7 ± 8.7 | 2.2 ± 1.2† | |
| Mid-thigh fat area (cm2) | SED | 76.8 ± 14.1 | 78.3 ± 14.1 | 1.5 ± 1.3 |
| LBRT | 57.1 ± 8.9 | 57.2 ± 8.5 | 0.1 ± 1.3 | |
| WBRT | 105.1 ± 21.0 | 103.2 ± 21.0 | −1.9 ± 1.5 | |
| Mid-arm muscle area (cm2) | SED | 29.6 ± 3.6 | 29.4 ± 3.7 | −0.2 ± 0.4 |
| LBRT | 35.1 ± 3.8 | 34.9 ± 3.8 | −0.3 ± 0.7 | |
| WBRT | 32.2 ± 3.3 | 32.7 ± 3.4 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | |
| Mid-arm fat area (cm2) | SED | 34.9 ± 6.4 | 34.1 ± 6.1 | −0.8 ± 1.3 |
| LBRT | 36.3 ± 4.4 | 36.2 ± 4.9 | −0.1 ± 0.8 | |
| WBRT | 40.6 ± 7.1 | 40.0 ± 7.2 | −0.6 ± 0.6 | |
| Upper body strength † (N) | SED | 672 ± 98 | 657 ± 89 | −1 ± 2 % |
| LBRT | 640 ± 106 | 668 ± 88 | 10 ± 5 % | |
| WBRT | 686 ± 76 | 810 ± 93 | 18 ± 3 % | |
| Lower body strength † (Nm) | SED | 297 ± 42 | 288 ± 33 | −0 ± 7 % |
| LBRT | 290 ± 50 | 357 ± 50 | 36 ± 11 %† | |
| WBRT | 280 ± 40 | 361 ± 43 | 32 ± 6 %† |
Values are means ± s.e.m. The subjects were sedentary (SED), lower body resistive trained (LBRT), and whole body resistive trained (WBRT) older people. *Week RT12 different from baseline for all subjects (i.e. a main effect of time), P < 0.05. † Group-by-time interaction, P < 0.05. ± Change with time different than SED group, P < 0.05.