Figure 5. Effect of caffeine on kallidin levels after muscle stimulation in vitro.

Levels of kallidin (expressed as pm) in the incubation medium of rat soleus muscle after 30 min rest (C), electrical stimulation during 30 min (S), addition of 10 mU ml⁻¹ insulin (I), or electrical stimulation during 30 min with the addition of 10 mU ml⁻¹ insulin (S + I), with (open columns) or without (filled columns) the addition of 77 μM caffeine (n= 12 for each treatment). *P < 0.05 vs. control without caffeine (2 sided Dunnett's test).