Fig. 3.

Determinants of APOBEC3-driven HIV-1 sequence variation. (A) The viral diversity resulting from 2 weeks of propagation of homogenous viral stocks in PBMCs was assessed by analyzing a total of 165,000 nt (132 clones; 1,250 nt each) derived from parallel infections with WT and Vif mutant viruses. The number of G-to-A mutations (G-to-A), the number of any other mutations (Other), the total number of sequenced nucleotides (Total), and the frequency of mutations (Freq, in percent) are listed. (B) Comparison of G-to-A mutations in GG versus GA dinucleotide contexts in all clones derived from WT, K22E, E45G, and 144AAA. The data from the three different PBMC donors were combined. The dotted line symbolizes a 1:1 GG-to-GA ratio. (C) Inverse correlation between frequency of mutations and viral replication in PBMCs. Mutation rates were derived from the total numbers of mutations per nucleotides sequenced, and replication was expressed as area under the curve (AUC) for the entire time of infection (Fig. 2). The data from the three different PBMC donors were combined but 144AAA was excluded from the nonlinear regression. R² denotes the goodness of fit.