Figure 3.
Joint excursion angles at the hip and the knee for the two habituated emus. Each curve represents the average of the 5 walking trials for the given bird. All angles are relative to the proximal segment, and the pelvis sits at an angle of 20° from horizontal. Flexion angles are rotations about the z-axes, abduction angles are rotations about the x axes, and long-axis rotation angles are about the y-axes. Standing trial angles are averages from the two birds.