Table 2.

 Crude and adjusted relative risk (95% confidence intervals) for atrial fibrillation and flutter among current and former users of bisphosphonates

Variable	Crude relative risk (95% CI)	Adjusted relative risk* (95% CI)
Bisphosphonate use
Current	1.10 (0.98 to 1.23)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.07)
Former	1.24 (1.08 to 1.41)	1.04 (0.90 to 1.21)
Never	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
New v continuing use:
New current users	0.90 (0.59 to 1.37)	0.75 (0.49 to 1.16)
Continuing users	1.12 (1.00 to 1.25)	0.96 (0.85 to 1.09)
Never users	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
No of prescriptions for bisphosphonates, current users
1-3	1.27 (1.06 to 1.52)	1.05 (0.86 to 1.27)
4-9	1.24 (1.07 to 1.43)	1.07 (0.92 to 1.25)
≥10	1.05 (0.93 to 1.19)	0.90 (0.79 to 1.03)
Stratified on cardiovascular disease†
Previous hospital diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, bisphosphonate use:
Current	1.25 (0.90 to 1.74)	1.13 (0.78 to 1.64)
Former	1.21 (0.81 to 1.79)	1.07 (0.70 to 1.65)
Never	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
No previous hospital diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, bisphosphonate use:
Current	1.06 (0.92 to 1.21)	0.93 (0.80 to 1.07)
Former	1.11 (0.94 to 1.32)	0.97 (0.81 to 1.16)
Never	1 (reference)	1 (reference)

*Adjusted for cardiovascular disease; renal failure; diabetes; pulmonary diseases; cancer, liver diseases; alcoholism; acute alcohol intoxication; hyperthyroidism; osteoporosis; hip or wrist fracture; use of cardiovascular drugs, antithyroid drugs, hormone replacement therapy, respiratory drug use, use of oral glucocorticoids.

†Defined as previous hospital diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.