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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2007 Sep 7;46(1):127–141. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.017

Table 1.

A list of known Tribolium species, the relative degree to which they are agricultural pests, and their described distributions.

Tribolium MacLeay (1825) species pest known distribution
brevicornis group North and South America
   T. brevicornis (Leconte 1859) ++    California
   T. carinatum Hinton (1948)    Argentina
   T. gebieni Uyttenboogaart (1934)    Paraguay
   T. linsleyi Hinton (1948)    Mexico
   T. parallelus (Casey 1890) +    western North America
   T. setosum Triplehorn (1978)    Arizona
   T. uezumii Nakane (1963)a    Honshu (Japan)*
confusum group Africa
   T. anaphe Hinton (1948) +    central Africa
   T. arndti Grimm (2001)    South Africa
   T. beccarii Gridelli (1950)a    Aïr (Niger)
   T. bremeri Grimm (2001)    South Africa
   T. confusum Jacquelin du Val (1868) +++    cosmopolitan*
   T. destructor Uyttenboogaart (1934) +++    cosmopolitan*
   T. downesi Hinton (1948)    Mali, Sudan, Chad
   T. ferreri Grimm (2001)    Gambia
   T. indicum Blair (1930)    central Africa, Saudi Arabia*, Iran*, India*
   T. risbeci Lepesme (1943)    Senegal
   T. semele Hinton (1948)    Mali, Mauritania, Sudan, Chad
   T. semicostata (Gebien 1910)    Kenya
   T. sulmo Hinton (1948)    Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana
   T. thusa Hinton (1948) +    Chad, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia
alcine group Madagascar
   T. alcine Hinton (1948)    Madagascar
   T. ceto Hinton (1948)    Madagascar
   T. quadricollis (Fairmaire 1902)    Madagascar
castaneum group South and Southeast Asia
   T. apiculum Neboiss (1962)    Australia
   T. audax Halstead (1969) ++    North America*
   T. caledonicum Kaszab (1982)    Lifou (New Caledonia)
   T. castaneum (Herbst, 1797) +++    cosmopolitan*
   T. cylindricum Hinton (1948)    Malay peninsula, Indonesia, Borneo, Philippines
   T. freemani Hinton (1948) +    Kashmir, Japan*, Brazil*
   T. madens (Charpentier 1825) +++    cosmopolitan*
   T. parki Hinton (1948)    Bali, Larat (Tanimbar archipelago, Indonesia)
   T. politum Hinton (1948)    Doerian (Indonesia)
   T. waterhousei Hinton (1948)    Queensland, New South Wales
myrmecophilum group Australia
   T. antennatum Hinton (1948)    Queensland
   T. myrmecophilum Lea (1904)    Victoria
*

Possibly introduced by human activity.

a

T. uezumii may be synonymous with T. carinatum, and T. beccarii may be a subspecies of T. downesi (Halstead, 1967).