TABLE 3.

Performance of immunoassays for TBM^b

Techniquea	Population	% Sensitivity	% Specificity	Reference
Antibody assays
ELISA	260 CSF samples (25 TBM, 235 non-TBM), India	72	92	159
ELISA	127 patients (29 TBM, 98 non-TBM), Philippines	52c	96	239
IFA	40 CSF samples, India	78	58	13
ELISA	198 patients (74 TBM, 124 non-TBM), India	61	100	33
ELISA (immunoglobulin G complexes)	67 patients (33 TBM, 34 non-TBM), India	64	91	130
ELISA and Western blotting	124 patients (30 TBM, 94 non-TBM), India	93	96	149
Passive hemagglutination assay and Western blotting	272 patients (88 TBM, 184 non-TBM), India	81	93	91
ELISA	53 patients (20 TBM, 33 non-TBM), India	80	91	89
ELISA	24 patients (12 TBM, 12 pulmonary TB), India	92	92	88
ELISA	74 patients (27 TBM, 49 non-TBM), China	52	92	164
Antigen assays
Latex agglutination	152 children (18 TBM, 134 non-TBM), Greece	94	99	103
Reverse passive hemagglutination	216 patients (89 TBM, 127 non-TBM), India	88	95	32
Radioimmunoassay	75 patients (19 TBM, 56 non-TBM), India	79	100	82
Dot blot assay	63 (38 TBM, 25 non-TBM), Italy	92	100	125
Dot immunobinding assay	80 patients (40 TBM, 40 non-TBM), India	38	100	205
Dot immunobinding assay	80 patients (40 TBM, 40 non-TBM), India	63	100	202
Reverse passive hemagglutination and Western blotting	182 patients (51 TBM, 131 non-TBM), India	94	99	92
Immunostaining	44 patients (22 TBM, 22 non-TBM), India	73	100	203
Dot immunobinding assay	90 patients (45 TBM, 45 non-TBM), India	76	100	204
Dot ELISA	156 patients (56 TBM, 100 non-TBM), India	86	95	86

^aListed from oldest to newest.

^bData adapted from reference 93.

^cResults involve a combined outcome of antibody and antigen testing.