Growth of recombinant S. cerevisiae strains expressing different l-arabinose isomerases. YNB medium contained 20 g liter−1 l-arabinose as the sole carbon source. Yeast strains were grown aerobically as shake flask cultures at 30°C. The yeast strains were derived from strain BWY1 and contained the l-arabinose utilization pathway genes, including one of the various l-arabinose isomerases, from the following organisms: ▴, B. licheniformis; ⧫, B. subtilis; ▪, C. acetobutylicum; ⋄, P. pentosaceus; ▵, L. plantarum; ×, L. mesenteroides; □, vector control.