Nitrate assimilation pathway in photosynthetic eukaryotes (A) and genes for its regulation (B). (A) Two transport and two reduction steps are required to produce ammonium in the chloroplast, where it is subsequently incorporated. FdxH, reduced ferredoxin. (B) Phenotypes of mutants defective in positive and negative signaling and the possible genes affected (21). NI, nitrate insensitive; ON, overexpression in nitrate; AI, ammonium insensitive.