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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 14.
Published in final edited form as: Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 Dec 8;23(8):1307–1313. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.021

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Circuit model and electric impedance characterization of cell-based sensors: (a) single-cell impedance measurements and (b) multi-cell impedance measurements. Z1: electrode-SAM-peptide impedance, Z2: counter-electrode-SAM-peptide impedance, Z3: cell membrane impedance (bottom), Z4: cell membrane impedance (top), Zcell: total single-cell impedance (Z3 + Z4), Rb: total resistance between neighboring cells, Zcells: impedance of cells, Rb//Zcells: impedance of monolayer of cells, RJ: cleft/seal resistance, Rsolution: solution resistance, and Rlimit: limiting resistance.