FIG. 5.

Ectopic modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP by expression of vdcA. (A) To directly test the ability of vdcA expression to increase intracellular c-di-GMP, 2D-TLC was done to detect intracellular c-di-GMP in strains containing pVdcA (AC1902), pVdcAⁱ (AC2389), or vector alone (AC1903). The c-di-GMP and GMP spots are indicated. (B) The pVdcA, pVdcAⁱ, and vector-only strains were tested for the ability to activate biofilm formation. The mean intensities of crystal violet staining of the biofilms (A₅₇₀) are shown. (C) The pVdcA, pVdcAⁱ, and vector strains were tested for decreased motility. The mean diameters of motility in mm from three independent assays are shown. In panels B and C, asterisks indicate significant differences in biofilm and motility, respectively, compared to WT as determined by Student's t test.