Protease activity of human aLf with a fluorescent substrate. (A) Effect of substrate concentration on the rate of 0.1 μM aLf-catalyzed hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-AMC. Symbols: □, 0.1 μM aLf; ⋄, 0.1 μM aLf plus 10 μM CaCl2; ▵, 0.1 μM aLf plus 10 μM FeSO4; ○, PMSF-treated 0.1 μM aLf; ×, boiled 0.1 μM aLf. The data for PMSF-treated 0.1 μM aLf, 0.1 μM aLf plus 10 μM FeSO4, and boiled 0.1 μM aLf overlap extensively, as do the data for 0.1 μM aLf and 0.1 μM aLf plus 10 μM CaCl2. (B) rIsdA inhibits protease activity. Symbols: ⧫, 0.1 μM aLf; ▴, 0.1 μM aLf plus 1 μM rIsdA; ▪, 0.1 μM aLf plus 0.2 μM rIsdA. (C) Anti-IsdA antibodies inhibit IsdA protease inhibitor action. Symbols: ⧫, 0.1 μM aLf; ▴, 0.1 μM aLf plus 1 μM rIsdA; ▪, 0.1 μM aLf plus 0.2 μM rIsdA plus 1:1,000 dilution of anti-IsdA; ×, 0.1 μM aLf plus 0.2 μM rIsdA plus 1:100 dilution of anti-IsdA. The values are the means of three independent experiments.