Expression of mRNAs for various cytokines induced by rPLY was TLR4 dependent. Peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 wt and TLR4 KO mice were stimulated with rPLY, LPS, and Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/ml) for 6 h. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to reverse transcription-PCR for detection of cytokine mRNAs for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Lanes: 1, PBS; 2, rPLY; 3, LPS; 4, Pam3CSK4. Representative results are shown. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments.